Smart meters alone may not save much energy -study
Pour qu'un compteur intelligent soit à même de permettre des économies d'électricité, il faut qu'il soit doté de "compléments", pour lesquels l'Ademe a lancé un appel à projets, par exemple. "Afficheur déporté" pour lire sa consommation en temps réel, "lien avec un site internet spécifique", "système d'alerte sur téléphone mobile"... Une série d'outils complémentaires, pas encore arrêtés, vont être testés cet hiver, indique-t-on au ministère. "Avec une meilleure information des consommateurs, on peut viser un objectif de réduction de 5 à 15% des consommations", y assure-t-on.
Mais même mieux informés, rien ne dit que les consommateurs changeront durablement leur comportement, relève la chercheuse Sarah Darby du Centre de l'environnement à l'université d'Oxford, auteur d'une étude parue dans la revue Building Research and Information. Souvent, les gens ne savent pas quoi faire de ces informations. Il faut qu'elles s'intègrent dans une approche éducative plus large. Par exemple, le Royaume-Uni, réfléchit à l'idée d'utiliser ce compteur pour amener les gens à mieux isoler leurs logements.
"There is the potential to use advanced metering infrastructure for demand reduction if there is a strong strategic intention to do so, and if the social support is there," according to Sarah Darby at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford.http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/
In a separate study, academics at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands trialled domestic energy meters with 304 participants over four months.At the end of the trial, participants were given the option to keep the meter and were surveyed again 11 months later. The academics found that initial savings in electricity consumption of 7.8 % after four months could not be sustained in the medium to long term.
AbstractThe argument for the implementation of 'smart' metering, which is an elastic term, varies according to circumstance and place. In some countries, the business case for establishing an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) relies in part on improving consumption feedback to customers and assisting in the transition to lower-impact energy systems. There is an expectation that AMI will lead to reductions in both the demand and the cost to serve customers through improved communication, but little evidence exists to show overall demand reduction. To what extent might smart meters improve the prospects for customer engagement? To assess this question, end-user perceptions and practices must be considered along with metering hardware and economics. Using the theory of affordances, qualitative research is examined to understand how householders have used consumption feedback, with and without smart meters. Although AMI offers possibilities for household energy management and customer-utility relations, there is little evidence to suggest it will automatically achieve a significant reduction in energy demand. For that, there has to be a determined focus on overall demand reduction (rather than on peak electricity demand reduction), on designing customer interfaces for ease of understanding, and on guiding occupants towards appropriate action. Appropriate forms of interface, feedback, narrative, and support will be needed to reach diverse populations.
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DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2010.492660